Postmodern Literature is literature characterized by reliance on narrative techniques such as fragmentation, paradox, and the unreliable narrator. Postmodern Literature emerged in the post-World War II era and was seen as a response against dogmatic following of Enlightenment thinking and the Modern movement of literature. Postmodern authors are seen as people opposing the ways of modernism and often parody forms and styles associated with modernist writers and artists. Postmodern works usually question the distinctions between high and low cultures and combine subjects and genres and employ meta-fiction into their work to undermine the text's authenticity.